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Preface xi

Section I: Introduction and Planning

1. Place of Meta-analysis among Other Methods of Research Synthesis 3
Julia Koricheva and Jessica Gurevitch
2. The Procedure of Meta-analysis in a Nutshell 14
Isabelle M. Côté and Michael D. Jennions

Section II : Initiating a Meta-analysis

3. First Steps in Beginning a Meta-analysis 27
Gavin B. Stewart, Isabelle M. Côté, Hannah R. Rothstein,
and Peter S. Curtis
4. Gathering data: Searching Literature and Selection Criteria 37
Isabelle M. Côté, Peter S. Curtis, Hannah R. Rothstein, and Gavin B. Stewart
5. Extraction and Critical Appraisal of Data 52
Peter S. Curtis, Kerrie Mengersen, Marc J. Lajeunesse, Hannah R. Rothstein, and Gavin B. Stewart
6. Effect Sizes: Conventional Choices and Calculations 61
Michael S. Rosenberg, Hannah R. Rothstein, and Jessica Gurevitch
7. Using Other Metrics of Effect Size in Meta-analysis 72
Kerrie Mengersen and Jessica Gurevitch

Section III : Essential Analytic Models and Methods

8. Statistical Models and Approaches to Inference 89
Kerrie Mengersen, Christopher H. Schmid, Michael D. Jennions, and Jessica Gurevitch
9. Moment and Least-Squares Based Approaches to Meta-analytic Inference 108
Michael S. Rosenberg
10. Maximum Likelihood Approaches to Meta-analysis 125
Kerrie Mengersen and Christopher H. Schmid
11. Bayesian Meta-analysis 145
Christopher H. Schmid and Kerrie Mengersen
12. Software for Statistical Meta-analysis 174
Christopher H. Schmid, Gavin B. Stewart, Hannah R. Rothstein, Marc J. Lajeunesse, and Jessica Gurevitch

Section IV: Statistical Issues and Problems

13. Recovering Missing or Partial Data from Studies: A Survey of Conversions and Imputations for Meta-analysis 195
Marc J. Lajeunesse
14. Publication and Related Biases 207
Michael D. Jennions, Christopher J. Lortie, Michael S. Rosenberg, and Hannah R. Rothstein
15. Temporal Trends in Effect Sizes: Causes, Detection, and Implications 237
Julia Koricheva, Michael D. Jennions, and Joseph Lau
16. Statistical Models for the Meta-analysis of Nonindependent Data 255
Kerrie Mengersen, Michael D. Jennions, and Christopher H. Schmid
17. Phylogenetic Nonindependence and Meta-analysis 284
Marc J. Lajeunesse, Michael S. Rosenberg, and Michael D. Jennions
18. Meta-analysis of Primary Data 300
Kerrie Mengersen, Jessica Gurevitch, and Christopher H. Schmid
19. Meta-analysis of Results from Multisite Studies 313
Jessica Gurevitch

Section V: Presentation and Interpretation of Results

20. Quality Standards for Research Syntheses 323
Hannah R. Rothstein, Christopher J. Lortie, Gavin B. Stewart, Julia Koricheva, and Jessica Gurevitch
21. Graphical Presentation of Results 339
Christopher J. Lortie, Joseph Lau, and Marc J. Lajeunesse
22. Power Statistics for Meta-analysis: Tests for Mean Effects and Homogeneity 348
Marc J. Lajeunesse
23. Role of Meta-analysis in Interpreting the Scientific Literature 364
Michael D. Jennions, Christopher J. Lortie, and Julia Koricheva
24. Using Meta-analysis to Test Ecological and Evolutionary Theory 381
Michael D. Jennions, Christopher J. Lortie, and Julia Koricheva

Section VI: Contributions of Meta-analysis in Ecology and Evolution
25. History and Progress of Meta-analysis 407
Joseph Lau, Hannah R. Rothstein, and Gavin B. Stewart
26. Contributions of Meta-analysis to Conservation and Management 420
Isabelle M. Côté and Gavin B. Stewart
27. Conclusions: Past, Present, and Future of Meta-analysis in Ecology and Evolution 426
Jessica Gurevitch and Julia Koricheva

Glossary 433
Frequently Asked Questions 441
References 447
List of Contributors 487
Subject Index 489