Автор: Peter Watson Название: The Great Divide: Nature and Human Nature in the Old World and the New Издательство: Harper Год: 2012 ISBN: 9780061672453 ASIN: B006SJOD5K Язык: English Формат: pdf, epub Размер: 12,2 mb Страниц: 640
Why did Asia and Europe develop far earlier than the Americas? What were the factors that accelerated—or impeded—development? How did the experiences of Old World inhabitants differ from their New World counterparts—and what factors influenced those differences?
In this fascinating and erudite history, Peter Watson ponders these questions central to the human story. By 15,000 BC, humans had migrated from northeastern Asia across the frozen Beringland bridge to the Americas. When the world warmed up and the last Ice Age came to an end, the Bering Strait refilled with water, dividing America from Eurasia. This division—with two great populations on Earth, each unaware of theo ther—continued until Christopher Columbus voyaged to the New World in the fifteenth century.
Introduction: 1500 BC–AD 1500: A Unique Period in Human History
Part One: HOW THE FIRST AMERICANS DIFFERED FROM OLD WORLD PEOPLES
1 - From Africa to Alaska: The Great Journey as Revealed in the Genes, Language and the Stones 2 - From Africa to Alaska: The Disasters of Deep Time as Revealed by Myths, Religion and the Rocks 3 - Siberia and the Sources of Shamanism 4 - Into a Land Without People
Part Two: HOW NATURE DIFFERS IN THE OLD WORLD AND THE NEW
5 - Rings of Fire and Thermal Trumpets 6 - Roots v. Seeds and the Anomalous Distribution of Domesticable Mammals 7 - Fatherhood, Fertility, Farming: ‘The Fall’ 8 - Ploughing, Driving, Milking, Riding: four things that never happened in the New World 9 - Catastrophe and the (All-Important) Origins of Sacrifice 10 - From Narcotics to Alcohol 11 - Maize: What People Are Made Of 12 - The Psychoactive Rainforest and the Anomalous Distribution of Hallucinogens 13 - Houses of Smoke, Coca and Chocolate 14 - Wild: the Jaguar, the Bison, the Salmon
Part Three: WHY HUMAN NATURE EVOLVED DIFFERENTLY IN THE OLD WORLD AND THE NEW
15 - Eridu and Aspero: the First Cities Seven and a Half Thousand Miles Apart 16 - The Steppes, War and ‘a new anthropological type’ 17 - The Day of the Jaguar 18 - The Origins of Monotheism and the End of Sacrifice in the Old World 19 - The Invention of Democracy, the Alphabet, Money and the Greek Concept of Nature 20 - Shaman-Kings, World Trees and Vision Serpents 21 - Bloodletting, Human Sacrifice, Pain and Potlatch 22 - Monasteries and Mandarins, Muslims and Mongols 23 - The Feathered Serpent, the Fifth Sun and the Four Suyus
Conclusion The Shaman and the Shepherd: The Great Divide
Appendices Appendix 1: The (Never-Ending) Dispute of the New World Appendix 2: (Available online): From 100,000 kin groups to 190 Sovereign States: Some Patterns in Cultural Evolution
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