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List of plates page ix
Preface xi
List of abbreviations and conventions xv

1 Introduction 1

Masonic history 1
The origins of freemasonry 5
The Scottish evidence 7
Problems of definition 9

2 The Medieval contribution 13

The organisation of the craft 13
The Old Charges 18

3 William Schaw, master of works and general warden 26

The life of William Schaw 26
The Coplands of Udoch, wardens of the masons 32
The First Schaw Statutes 34
The Second Schaw Statutes 44

4 The Sinelairs of Roslin and the masters of works 52

The First St Clair Charter 52
The Sinelairs of Roslin 54
The Second St Clair Charter 57
The struggle for jurisdiction 61
The Falkland Statutes 67
The last general wardens 72

5 The Renaissance contribution 77

Neoplatonism and the occult striving of the late Renaissance 77
Hermeticism and the cult of Egypt 82
The art of memory 87
The Rosicrucians 96
The architect, the mathematician and the manual arts 105
Renaissance, Reformation and the Scottish masons 117

6 Rituals of identification and initiation 125

The Mason Word 125
The catechisms: rituals of identification 135
The catechisms: rituals of initiation 153

7 Sir Robert Moray: masonry, symbolism and ethics 166

The life of Sir Robert Moray 166
A mason and his mark 168
Voluntary social institutions and the cult of friendship 179

8 The early Scottish lodges 190

Lodges and incorporations 190
The coming of the non-operatives 196
Life in the lodges 208

9 Early Scottish and English freemasonry 213

Freemasonry in seventeenth-century Scotland 213
Freemasonry in seventeenth-century England 216

Appendix: Early (pre-1710) masonic lodges in Scotland 234
Bibliographical note 236
Index 238